Urban Entrepreneurship Business Resource Materials
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Entrepreneurship Law Editorial Team
Books
Richard D. Bingham & Robert Mier, Dilemmas of Urban Economic Development: Issues in Theory and Practice (1997).
Abstract (from Amazon Product Description):
Assessing state-of-the-art urban economic development, this book addresses such pertinent issues as the importance of `quality of life' in location decisions, and whether industry targeting is a viable economic development strategy. Each chapter is followed by commentaries - one written by an academic addressing research methodology, the other by a practitioner addressing both the question and the evidence. Each chapter's author then responds to the issues raised by the commentators. The result is a productive dialogue between academics, practitioners and citizens concerned with economic development.
Richard D. Bingham & Zhongcai Zhang, The Economics of Central City Neighborhoods (2001).
Abstract (from Amazon Product Description):
This is the first book of its kind to explore central city neighborhood economic structure in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, labor force, and housing variables. In The Economies of Central City Neighborhoods Bingham and Zhang examine the location of industry employment in a variety of producer and consumer-oriented industries in relation to major neighborhood characteristics such as demographic, labor force, socioeconomic, and housing variables. This study is informative and illuminating to central city revitalization/redevelopment planning and related efforts that often take place at the neighborhood level. While the primacy of poverty is an aspect of central city neighborhoods that drives the growth and decline of neighborhood economies, it implies the significance of effective intervention at early stages of neighborhood economic disintegration. Neighborhood cluster of industries suggests a direction of neighborhood redevelopment, and the pervasive spill-over effects of this necessitate the coordination among redevelopment initiatives of bordering neighborhoods. The research in this text contributes to the urban literature by providing an industry-by-industry analysis of the economies of central city sub-areas in Ohio.
Richard D. Bingham & John P. Blair, Urban Economic Development (1984).
Abstract:
This text discusses the effectiveness of various policies which aim to stimulate private sector activity in urban areas. It examines urban enterprise zones; grants and investments; federal, state and local development programmes; and four case studies of city projects.
Flournoy A. Coles, AN ANALYSIS OF BLACK ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SEVEN URBAN AREAS (1969).
Peter Medoff & Holly Sklar, Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood (2009).
Abstract (from Corporation for National & Community Service website):
This text focuses on a Boston neighborhood that became a community by organizing and developing through the use of the resident-led Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative (DSNI). It examines how effective organizing reinforces neighborhood leadership, encourages grassroots power, and leads to successful public-private partnerships and comprehensive community development.
Simon Tseko Tampi Mogotsi, BLACK URBAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP (2d ed. 1977).
Articles
James H. Carr & Lisa J. Servon, Vernacular Culture and Urban Economic Development: Thinking Outside the (Big) Box, 75(1) J. Am. Plan. Ass’n 28 (2009).
Abstract (from authors):
Problem: This Article addresses the increasing homogeneity of urban commercial areas and the loss of local culture associated with this trend. It seeks to identify strategies that build effectively on vernacular culture as an asset in neighborhood development. Purpose: We aim to identify tools that advance the cultural preservation approach to urban economic development and to describe instances in which planners and neighborhood groups have applied these tools successfully. Methods: We completed a wide-ranging literature review to identify the characteristics of places that have employed cultural preservation approaches and conducted six case studies involving 43 interviews in five cities. Results and conclusions: Our interviews and case studies showed us that there are at least three types of anchors in neighborhoods with strong vernacular culture: 1) markets; 2) ethnic areas and heritage sites; 3) and arts-and-culture venues and districts. Although the balance between preservation and development will be different in each place, we did cull some widely applicable lessons learned while conducting our fieldwork: a) involve residents; b) find assets in local needs; c) transfer lessons rather than replicating others' work; d) create opportunities for ownership; e) if it doesn't exist, invent it; and f) balance culture and commerce. Our analysis also suggests that a neighborhood wishing to pursue a neighborhood development strategy based on vernacular culture should have at least one of the anchors listed above and strong, community-based organizations. Takeaway for practice: We argue that it is both possible and preferable to advance an urban economic development strategy based on the local cultural assets that exist in urban neighborhoods. Our research illustrates different paths that places have taken to advance this kind of strategy and provides several ways for local planners and policymakers to integrate the maintenance of vernacular culture into their larger economic development plans. Research support: Our research was supported by the Fannie Mae Foundation.
Barbara Heebels & Irina Van Aalst, Creative Clusters in Berlin: Entrepreneurship and the Quality of Place in Prenzlauer Berg and Kreuzberg, 92 Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography 347 (2010).
Abstract (from author):
Urban creative clusters are currently a major focus of attention, as their prominent position in both local political and academic circles makes evident. Many authors stress the importance of spatial concentration for creative industries. However, only a few studies have focused on the individual entrepreneur. As a result, empirical evidence of the meaning of urban place as a site for social networks and a space for inspiration is still scarce. This is of some consequence as entrepreneurs provide a crucial link between creative activities and economic change and development. This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating how different creative entrepreneurs choose and evaluate their location. Using qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs
in two creative clusters in the Berlin neighborhoods Prenzlauer Berg and Kreuzberg, this article shows the significance of the look and feel of specific places and explains how and for whom local networks are important.
Adam Mossoff, The Death of Poletown: The Future of Eminent Domain and Urban Development after County of Wayne v. Hathcock, 2004 Mich. St. L. Rev. 837, 840 (2004).
Lisa J. Servon, Microenterprise Programs in U.S. Inner Cities: Economic Development or Social Welfare? 11 Econ. Dev. Q. (1997).
Abstract:
The microenterprise strategy marries elements of economic development and social welfare strategies and agendas. This article uses case studies of three inner-city microenterprise programs to demonstrate that the results of this blending are over-whelmingly positive. At the same time, working in the interstices of the economic development and social welfare fields is complex, and the results that programs produce do not fit easily into traditional outcome categories. The programs studied do more to help those who exist at the margins of the mainstream economy than those who are completely cut off from the economic mainstream. They help change the mind-set of people by giving them the hope they need to take charge of their own lives. By helping people begin to think strategically about creating better futures for themselves and providing them with the tools necessary to make that happen, these programs shift the focus of policy from maintenance to investment.
Annet Jantien Smit, The Influence of District Visual Quality on Location Decisions of Creative Entrepreneurs, 77 J. Am. Planning Ass’n 167 (2011).
Abstract (adapted from author):
This article examines the ways in which creative entrepreneurs consider a district’s visual form when deciding where to locate a business. There is a high correlation between a district’s form and a creative entrepreneur’s desire to work there.
Robert Smith, Observing Community-based Entrepreneurship and Social Networking at Play in an Urban Village Setting, 12 Int’l J. of Entrepren. & Small Bus. 62 (2010).
Abstract (from author):
Entrepreneurship as a manifestation of change is vital in terms of jobs and business dynamism. However, entrepreneurship as a social activity occurs in time and space and is seen as a natural, organic process. The authors assume this change will occur naturally, but this can be interrupted by planned change. This observational study examines the influence of socio-cultural factors on the evolution of community-based entrepreneurial activity in an urban village setting using the social metrics of home, habitus and habituation to examine how this activity develops within a planned monocultural middle class enclave. Studying social entrepreneurship in a fixed social setting permits us to investigate the embededdness of the entrepreneurial process in a naturally occurring environment. When the natural order is interrupted, entrepreneurial activity becomes disjointed and finds new avenues of emergence as community-based entrepreneurial activity in which business is facilitated by
social networking and entrepreneurial identity is socially constructed through play.
Kevin Ward, Entrepreneurial Urbanism and Business Improvement Districts in the State of Wisconsin, 100 Annals of the Ass’n of Am. Geographers 1177 (2010).
Abstract (adapted from author):
This article examines the relationship between local governance and entrepreneurship, using Wisconsin Business Improvement Districts as reference points for developing a theory of urban revalorization.
Rik Wenting et al., Urban Amenities and Agglomeration Economies?: The Locational Behaviour and Economic Success of Dutch Fashion Design Entrepreneurs, 48 Urban Stud. 1333 (2011).
Abstract:
This article compares the influence of agglomeration economies versus urban amenities in Dutch designers’ decisions of where to locate their businesses, finding that amenities were the more important consideration.
Online Resources
Zoltan J. Acs & Catherine Armington, Endogenous Growth and Entrepreneurial Activity in Cities, Ctr. for Econ. Stud. (2003).
http://www.ces.census.gov/phpdb/index.php/ces/cespapers?detail_key=101665
(CUEED) The Center for Urban Entrepreneurship & Economic Development at Rutgers Business School, http://www.business.rutgers.edu/cueed
Gregg A. Lichtenstein, Building Social Capital: A New Strategy for Retaining and Revitalizing Inner-City Manufacturers, Collaborative Strategies (1999).
http://www.energizingentrepreneurs.org/content/cr_5/2_000053.pdf
Other Materials
Candida G. Brush, Daniel J. Monti, Amy M. Gannon & Andrea D. Ryan, Inner City Entrepreneurs: Building Ventures and Expanding Community Ties, Presented at the Annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Indianapolis, IN (2006).
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